This class of transducers achieves the highest efficiency in their mechanical resonance.
Langevin transducers are ultrasonic transducers that convert electrical into mechanical energy through the piezoelectric effect. Our results place dispersive charge sensing at the forefront of readout methodologies for scalable semiconductor spin-based quantum processors. We quantify the benefit of Pauli spin blockade over spin-dependent tunneling to a reservoir, as the spin-to-charge conversion mechanism in these readout schemes. We demonstrate that low-loss high-impedance resonators, highly coupled to the sensing dot, in conjunction with Josephson parametric amplification are instrumental in achieving optimal performance. The sensor, despite requiring fewer electrodes than conventional detectors, performs at the state of the art achieving spin readout fidelity of 99.2% in less than 6 μs fitted from a physical model. Here, we present two complementary demonstrations of fast high-fidelity single-shot readout of spins in silicon quantum dots using a compact, dispersive charge sensor: a radio-frequency single-electron box.
Fast high-fidelity readout enables midcircuit measurements, a necessary feature for many dynamic algorithms and quantum error correction, while a small footprint facilitates the design of scalable, highly connected architectures with the associated increase in computing performance. Three key metrics for readout systems in quantum processors are measurement speed, fidelity, and footprint.
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